Archaeopteryx (/ˌɑrkiːˈɒptərɨks/ AR-kee-OP-tər-iks), sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel ("original bird" or "first bird"), is a genus of early bird. The name derives from the ancient Greek ἀρχαῖος (archaīos) meaning "ancient", and πτέρυξ (ptéryx), meaning "feather" or "wing".
It is often called the first bird, however that is inaccurate, since older probable avians have since been identified, including Anchiornis, Xiaotingia, and Aurornis.
Facts[]
Archaeopteryx lived in the Late Jurassic period around 150 MYA, in what is now southern Germany during a time when Europe was an archipelago of islands in a shallow warm tropical sea, much closer to the equator than it is now. Similar in shape to a European Magpie, with the largest individuals possibly attaining the size of a raven, Archaeopteryx could grow to about 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) in length. Despite its small size, broad wings, and inferred ability to fly, Archaeopteryx has more in common with other small Mesozoic dinosaurs than it does with modern birds. In particular, it shares the following features with the "deinonychosaurs" (dromaeosaurs and troodontids): jaws with sharp teeth, three fingers with claws, a long bony tail, hyperextensible second toes ("killing claw"), feathers (which also suggest homeothermy), and various skeletal features.
Thus, Archaeopteryx plays an important role, not only in the study of the origin of birds, but in the study of non-avian dinosaurs. It was named from a feather in 1861. That same year, the first complete specimen of Archaeopteryx was announced. Over the years, ten more fossils of Archaeopteryx have surfaced. Despite variation among these fossils, most experts regard all the remains that have been discovered as belonging to a single species, although this is still debated.
Most of these eleven fossils include impressions of feathers. Because these feathers are of an advanced form (flight feathers), these fossils are evidence that the evolution of feathers began before the Late Jurassic.
The type specimen of Archaeopteryx was discovered just two years after Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species". Archaeopteryx seemed to confirm Darwin's theories and has since become a key piece of evidence for the origin of birds, the transitional fossils debate, and confirmation of evolution.
Modern studies indicate that at least some of its back and wings were black in color.
It probably lived much like modern galliformes, spending much time on the ground, and being omnivorous.
In Walking With... series[]
Walking with Dinosaurs: Inside Their World []
Archaeopteryx is one of the dinosaurs featured in this app.
Other Media[]
So far, Archaeopteryx wasn't featured in any Impossible Pictures programs, but it was mentioned in The Complete Guide To Prehistoric Life in Ornitholestes entry as one of the first dinosaur-to-bird transitions. It was photographed there, too.
Gallery[]
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